仿生非光滑花纹沟对轮胎抗滑水性能的影响

以205/55R16乘用车轮胎为研究对象,采用计算流体动力学建立了考虑胎面花纹变形的轮胎滑水分析模型;以气-液二相流数值模型分析了轮胎的滑水性能,并将临界滑水速度仿真值与NASA滑水速度预测值及轮胎发生滑水时力平衡下的速度进行对比.在此基础上,引入仿生减阻理念,研究了夹角为60°、高度为0.6mm的仿生对称V形结构对花纹沟排水量和水流阻力的影响,并将其结构特征信息等效移植到接地区轮胎花纹沟底,进行了仿生花纹轮胎的滑水性能分析.结果表明:所建滑水分析模型可用来分析轮胎滑水时的流体运动特性;相对原花纹轮胎,仿生非光滑花纹沟轮胎通过提高接地区花纹沟内水流速度,降低了胎面动水压力,提高了临界滑水速度.     

Banach空间中寻求(α,β)-适度混合集值映像吸引点的一般迭代格式

引入（α，β）-适度混合集值映像与条件I^*的概念，提出了用于寻求（α，β）-适度混合集值映像吸引点的一般迭代法.在一致凸Banach空间中，利用条件I^*与半紧性质，建立了所提（α，β）-适度混合集值映像的迭代格式的强收敛性.结论改进与修正了之前文献中已发布的相应结果.     

Two Innovative Coalition Formation Models for Dynamic Task Allocation in Disaster Rescues

This paper addresses the problem of multi-objective coalition formation for task allocation. In disaster rescue, due to the dynamics of environments, heterogeneity and complexity of tasks as well as limited available agents, it is hard for the single-objective and single (task)-to-single (agent) task allocation approaches to handle task allocation in such circumstances. To this end, two multi-objective coalition formation for task allocation models are proposed for disaster rescues in this paper. First, through coalition formation, the proposed models enable agents to cooperatively perform complex tasks that cannot be completed by single agent. In addition, through adjusting the weights of multiple task allocation objectives, the proposed models can employ the linear programming to generate more adaptive task allocation plans, which can satisfy different task allocation requirements in disaster rescue. Finally, through employing the multi-stage task allocation mechanism of the dynamic programming, the proposed models can handle the dynamics of tasks and agents in disaster environments. Experimental results indicate that the proposed models have good performance on coalition formation for task allocation in disaster environments, which can generate suitable task allocation plans according to various objectives of task allocation.     

Forecasting stock volatility in the presence of extreme shocks: Short-term and long-term effects

This paper introduces a novel generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity–mixed data sampling–extreme shocks (GARCH-MIDAS-ES) model for stock volatility to examine whether the importance of extreme shocks changes in different time ranges. Based on different combinations of the short- and long-term effects caused by extreme events, we extend the standard GARCH-MIDAS model to characterize the different responses of the stock market for short- and long-term horizons, separately or in combination. The unique timespan of nearly 100 years of the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) daily returns allows us to understand the stock market volatility under extreme shocks from a historical perspective. The in-sample empirical results clearly show that the DJIA stock volatility is best fitted to the GARCH-MIDAS-SLES model by including the short- and long-term impacts of extreme shocks for all forecasting horizons. The out-of-sample results and robustness tests emphasize the significance of decomposing the effect of extreme shocks into short- and long-term effects to improve the accuracy of the DJIA volatility forecasts.     

水平循环荷载引起的砂土沉陷-致密作用对刚性桩承载力的影响分析

为研究砂土中刚性桩基础在循环荷载作用下的承载力演化规律,提出了一种循环后单桩承载力的评估方法.首先,基于沉陷坑与致密区域土体的质量守恒原理,量化了由沉陷引起的土体参数变化;然后,根据API规范中的砂土水平土抗力-位移模型计算循环前后的单桩承载力;最后,提出了循环后单桩承载力的评估模型,并对沉陷坑尺寸、土体初始相对密实度和致密区域模式等因素进行对比分析.结果 表明:单桩承载力随沉陷坑的发展不断增大;对于松砂、中密砂和密砂,循环后的单桩承载力可分别提高约3.0、1.5、1.2倍,提高幅值随相对密实度的增大而降低;2种土体变形模式中,单锥模式相比于双锥模式更符合真实的致密区域形态.     

基于动态阈值的混凝土裂缝高抗噪提取及识别方法

针对表面布有蜂窝麻面等复杂噪声的混凝土裂缝,提出了一种基于动态阈值的混凝土裂缝高抗噪提取方法.首先,通过灰度变换、高斯滤波、信息增强等技术弱化、去除噪声,增强图像中裂缝的亮度,提高裂缝与背景的对比度;然后,采用OTSU阈值分割算法去除伪裂缝,基于裂缝与干扰噪声面积的差异,引入动态阈值,实现各类型裂缝的提取;最后,基于边缘检测和裂缝骨架细化处理,计算裂缝的长度、宽度和面积3项特征参数.基于室内实验和室外实际桥梁拍摄的4组裂缝图像结果表明,4组裂缝的平均宽度分别为2.01、1.07、1.34、0.97 mm,说明该方法适用于不同背景下各类型裂缝的提取,具有较强的鲁棒性.     

Theoretical and experimental design of Pt-Co(OH)_2 electrocatalyst for efficient HER performance in alkaline solution

Design efficient electrocatalysts become significant for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in alkaline solution.Here,the HER performance on Pt-Co(OH)2 has been investigated by using DFT calculations.Compared with pure Pt,the Pt-Co(OH)2 shows excellent hydrogen binding energy (-0.29 eV) and hydrogen adsorption free energy (0.02 eV).More strikingly,the water dissociation process on Pt-Co(OH)2 is an exothermic reaction while that of Pt is an endothermic reaction,demonstrating that the Pt-Co(OH)_2 is an excellent catalyst for HER in alkaline medium.Then the two-step electrodepositions was used to fabricate Pt-Co(OH)2 on the carbon paper (CP).The Pt-Co(OH)_2/CP shows the lowest overpotential of only 37.6 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm~(-2) in 0.1M KOH,the smallest Tafel slope of58 mV dec~(-1) and the good stability for 20000s without obvious degradation.     

目标运动要素自主隐蔽解析的微分进化策略

针对传统目标运动要素自主隐蔽解析中存在的噪声适应性差等问题,提出要素自主解析的微分进化策略。首先,简要论述了目标运动要素的自主隐蔽解析过程;其次,推导要素自主解析的协方差传播过程,给出目标运动要素方差与目标观测方位方差的对应关系,分析方位观测均方差对要素自主解析结果的影响;再次,提出了微分进化算法对自主解析模型的优化策略;最后,对优化策略进行仿真验证。结果表明,当方位存在0.1°的均方误差时,初距D₀均方误差约为12 Cab,速度分量V_mx、V_my均方误差分别约为5 Kn、6 Kn,通过微分进化策略优化后明显提高了要素自主解析结果的精度。